Appendix K. GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Legal Notice
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
Boston,
MA
02110-1301
USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of
this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Version 1.2, November 2002
0.
Preamble
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
is instruction or reference.
1.
Applicability and definitions
This License applies to any manual or other
work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers
to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute
the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the
Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either
copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
language.
A "Secondary Section" is a
named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and
contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
(Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary
Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter
of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The "Invariant Sections"
are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those
of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released
under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document
may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any
Invariant Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain
short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover
Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text
may be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the
Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for
revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for
input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image
format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy
that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
some word processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a
printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed
to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title
page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a
named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another
language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such
as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means
that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers
are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as
regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty
Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this
License.
2. Verbatim
copying
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document
are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions
whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to
obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If
you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section 3 (Anm. d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “3. Copying
in quantity”).
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. Copying
in quantity
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's
license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers
that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on
the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as
verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on
the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4.
Modifications
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 (Anm. d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “2. Verbatim
copying”) and 3 (Anm. d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “3. Copying
in quantity”) above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
GNU FDL Modification Conditions
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
original publisher of that version gives permission.
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
notice.
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there
is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the
title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its
Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated
in the previous sentence.
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a
network location for a work that was published at least four years
before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
it refers to gives permission.
For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
not considered part of the section titles.
Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version.
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied
from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by)
any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same
cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you
are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the
old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the
old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. Combining
documents
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 (Anm. d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “4.
Modifications”) above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If
there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of
it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that
section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the
section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History";
likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections
Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled
"Endorsements".
6.
Collections of documents
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of
this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of
this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. Aggregation with independent works
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting
from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 (Anm. d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “3. Copying
in quantity”) is applicable to these copies of
the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if
the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed
covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
8.
Translation
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4 (Anm.
d. Red.: hier:
Section K, “4.
Modifications”). Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices
in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the original
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
9.
Termination
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who
have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
10. Future
revisions of this license
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
"or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the
terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.
Addendum: How to use this
license for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR
NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR
TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being
LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.